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孩子甲流刚好乙流又来了 早治疗效果好

北京顺义区妇幼保健院
2024-01-10 09:04

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“冬季是呼吸道疾病高发季节，接诊的患者中，大多数是病毒感染，乙流患者明显增加，占到门诊新就诊病人的40%左右，也有少数的腺病毒、甲流病毒，以及呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎支原体感染的患者。”孙雪梅告诉记者，乙流有明显上升趋势，也有部分小朋友甲流刚好，又感染了乙流。

但相对于传染性强、临床症状更重、更容易引起爆发流行的甲流而言，乙流通常以小规模或散发为主，因此乙流占比上升不必过于担忧。

展开剩余 61 %

甲流和乙流有什么区别？

甲流、乙流都具有相似的传染性，但甲流由于其遗传变异的能力，更容易导致严重的流行。每个人感染后的具体症状和病程因个体差异而异。及时接种流感疫苗，对预防这两种类型的流感都很重要。

乙流特点是起病急、变化快，畏寒、发热，体温在几个小时至24小时内可能就会迅速升高，达到39℃至40℃，甚至更高。还伴有其他症状，如头痛、全身酸痛、乏力、食欲减退。呼吸道症状较轻，但是也会伴有咽干喉痛、干咳这些症状，有时可能伴有呕吐、腹泻等消化道症状。

“甲流和乙流的临床症状相似，很难根据临床表现去鉴别，需要配合检验来诊断。现在购买流感检测试剂比较方便，一些家长担心医院检测的时间比较久，就在家自行帮孩子检测。但部分家长标本采集的过程不规范，可能出现‘假阴性’的情况，从而耽误了治疗。”孙雪梅表示，“甲流和乙流有相应的抗病毒药物，越早治疗效果越好，尤其在发热48小时之内效果最好，流感病毒后也可能同时合并其他病原感染，若持续发热，建议家长带孩子来医院检查，结合血常规等其他检查协助诊断。”

发烧后可以自己在家吃抗生素吗？

不建议。乙流由病毒引致，平常用的青霉素、头孢等抗生素是针对细菌的药物，对乙流是没用的，所以不建议一发烧就擅自使用抗生素。

得过甲流或乙流会不会重复感染？

甲流和乙流是流感的两种不同亚型，不具备交叉免疫机制。感染甲流或乙流后，依然有可能感染另一种亚型的流感病毒。一般来说，一年内感染同一种亚型流感病毒的可能很小。但是，由于甲流病毒很容易变异，没有接种过疫苗的人群，就有再次感染其他亚型甲流病毒的可能。

文字|儿科 孙雪梅

发布于：北京市

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