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看完该帖子,不少人表示“劝退”,直言不敢去泡温泉了。

广东省中医院大学城医院妇科副主任医师唐虹解释说,在我们人体能耐受的温泉温度中,HPV病毒确实是可以生存的,如果温泉水中含有这种病毒,有可能导致皮肤或者黏膜携带。

1. HPV是一种什么样的病毒?

HPV病毒,即人乳头瘤病毒,英文名称是Human papilloma virus,它是一种很小很小的颗粒。小到什么程度呢?

这个病毒的直径大约50纳米,如果把这个病毒排列起来的话,两万个病毒排列在一起,有一个毫米这么大,所以说这个颗粒是非常非常小的。

HPV是一个大家庭,现在已经发现的HPV有200多种。其中40多种跟性行为有关系,通过性行为来传播。

在这40多种类型中,还分为高危型和低危型。所谓高危型,主要就是引起宫颈癌的风险非常大,低危型的一般不会引起宫颈癌,但可以引起尖锐湿疣等生殖器官的良性病变。

另外100多种跟性行为没有关系,通常是通过皮肤接触来传染。比如文章开头提到的女网友,就是通过皮肤接触传染了扁平疣。

2. 扁平疣是怎么回事?

扁平疣是一种稍高出皮肤表面的扁平丘疹,颜色可与皮色一致,不仔细观察往往难以发现,也可以呈黑褐色、黄褐色。

(图源网络,侵删)

这些丘疹最常见于面部、手背、前臂,其他部位相对少见,男女均可患病,但由于女性皮肤较为娇嫩,容易被病毒感染,因此更常见于女性。

扁平疣虽也是HPV感染导致,但不通过性行为传播,因此并不属于“性病”范畴。

它只是一种常见的皮肤病,主要的传播方式是接触传播,比如搔抓患处皮肤后又抓挠别处,皮肤间的直接接触,或者共用毛巾等间接接触。皮肤裸露机会更多的夏季,更容易感染。

但是需要注意,病毒感染后会有1-3个月的潜伏期,至于是否出现扁平疣,要因个人情况而定。

3. 扁平疣怎么治疗?

些治疗扁平疣的民间偏方,如外敷捣碎的黄豆、醋泡鸡蛋,并无科学依据,不建议使用。

目前,对于扁平疣比较推荐的治疗方法为以下两类:

/ 药物治疗 /

一般以外用药为主,如联合使用维A酸类药物和米喹莫特。

维A酸类药物,能促进扁平疣表面的角质层恢复正常角化,增加药物渗透率;配合米喹莫特,还可以刺激局部皮肤的免疫反应,杀灭HPV。

通常建议联合使用3-4周药物,如果皮肤又红又痒,说明药物有效,如果没有变化则建议选择其他方式治疗。

另外,一些内服、外用的中药,也有一定治疗作用。

/ 物理治疗 /

有的扁平疣角质较厚,药物难以渗入,或者药物治疗效果不好,就可以选择物理治疗方式,主要有激光、冷冻、微波等方式。

液氮冷冻,治疗所需范围会比扁平疣范围大,还可能会留有色素沉着;微波治疗深度不易掌控,可能会有留疤风险,二者都已不常用。

如今在临床中最为常用的是激光治疗,治疗深度和范围都较容易掌控,治疗效果也较好。

激光治疗时,会先敷30-40分钟麻药,而后用高温的激光,将扁平疣组织烧灼气化,1-2次治疗就可以完全去除,一般不会留疤,也很少复发。

4. 扁平疣激光治疗后要特殊注意什么?

激光治疗后需要一周左右恢复,期间会慢慢结痂。在结痂前一定要注意防水,待痂稍硬后,可以在短时间内用生理盐水稍稍清洗,但不要使用自来水,这样不利于恢复,还会增加感染风险。

结痂脱落后要注意防晒,最好选用SPF30、PA++以上的防晒产品,并且一天最好涂两次,如早上一次、中午一次。如果日光格外强烈也可以再打遮阳伞,戴遮阳帽。

激光治疗后,有的人可能会短暂留有色素沉着,但一般3-4个月就可以慢慢变淡,逐渐与周围皮肤统一。

需要提醒一点,如果近期曾有暴晒,肌肤状态会比较敏感,容易留下色素沉着,因此需要恢复1-2个月再进行激光治疗。

了解更多相关内容

参考资料:

医学微视官网 - 文辉 主任医师《扁平疣》

医学微视官网 - 孙晓光 主任医师《人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染》

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